![]() ![]() As the uterus further contracts, the placenta is expelled. As the uterus contracts, a plane of separation develops at the placenta-endometrium interface. The delivery of the placenta is the third and final stage of labor it normally occurs within 30 minutes of delivery of the newborn. The vertex normally rotates from a transverse position to an anterior or posterior position as the vertex internally rotates. The degree of descent is called the fetal station, which is described in terms of. Initially there is descent, which is the downward movement of the fetus to the pelvic inlet. The fetal position is the orientation of the fetal vertex (the top of the head) in relation to the plane of the maternal ischial spines. To make it through the passage, the fetus makes several positional changes which are called cardinal movements or mechanisms of labor. The station is defined as -5 cm to +5 cm 0 station is at the level of the ischial spines. The fetal station is the relation of the fetal head to the maternal ischial spines. Most commonly, this is the occiput or the vertex of the head. In their study of 60 patients at term gestation with vertex presentation fetuses in the second stage of labor, serial transperineal ultrasound in a sagittal section was performed using digital examination for. The fetal presentation is determined by the first fetal body part that passes through the birth canal. Considering the cardinal movement of the fetal head and curved pathway of the pelvis, the concept of head direction is reasonable. Several clinical parameters are followed. Internal rotation of the vertex to maneuver past the lateral ischial spinesĮxtension of the head to pass beneath the maternal symphysisĮxternal rotation of the head after delivery to facilitate shoulder delivery Six cardinal movements of labor occur during the second stage of labor.Įngagement of the head into the lower pelvisįlexion of the head, putting the occiput in presenting positionĭescent of the neonate through the pelvis The maximum accepted time for the second stage depends on the patient's parity and whether the patient has an epidural or not. The second stage of labor is the time between complete cervical dilation and delivery of the neonate. The cervix usually dilates at a rate of 1.0 cm/h in nulliparous women and 1.2 cm/h in multiparous women during the active phase. ![]() It is characterized by rapid cervical dilation. They cause the cervix to open (dilate) and soften as well as shorten and thin (efface) to allow your baby. ![]() These contractions become stronger, more regular and more frequent over time. The active phase lasts from the end of the latent phase until delivery. The first stage of labor and birth occurs when you begin to feel persistent contractions. The cervix dilates, usually slowly, from closed to approximately 4-5 cm. The latent phase can last for many hours. The first stage of labor is divided into the latent and active phases. This is typically the longest stage of labor.Ĭervical effacement, or thinning, occurs throughout the first stage of labor, and is graded 0-100%. In the first stage, the cervix dilates as a result of progressive rhythmic uterine contractions. Normal delivery is divided into 3 stages. More positive birthing experience from a psychological stand point Till date it accounts for 70% of childbirth. There are six cardinal movements of childbirth, all of which occur during the second stage of labor. Vaginal delivery is the most natural and uncomplicated way of child birth. ![]()
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